Excessive Rainfall Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
326 AM EST Tue Nov 18 2025

Day 1
Valid 12Z Tue Nov 18 2025 - 12Z Wed Nov 19 2025

...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS WESTERN 
ARIZONA, FAR SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA, AND FAR SOUTHEASTERN 
NEVADA...

Upper difluence will become quite pronounced over the Lower
Colorado River Valley today downstream of a strong mid-level trough
approaching from California. Meanwhile, pockets of surface heating,
near 50s F surface dewpoints, and cold air aloft will all combined
to support one or two focused bands of showers and thunderstorms
especially across western Arizona. These storms will migrate
quickly to the north given seasonably strong wind fields aloft for
steering. However, pronounced backbuilding should develop toward
the source region of nearly 1000 J/kg SBCAPE (across
southwestern/west-central Arizona) that should result in potential
for several hours of heavy rainfall. While local rates may not
exceed 0.5 inch/hr on a widespread basis, multiple hours of
convective training potential will support at least a few instance
of flash flooding as rainfall totals exceed 2 inches in several
areas from Mohave to Yavapai Counties. A Slight Risk has been
maintained for this outlook due to the aforementioned trends.

A few areas of heavier rainfall may also occur across southeastern
California during the afternoon and evening as the large/cold upper
trough moves into that area. Buoyancy should be a bit weaker
compared to farther east, although recent rainfall and relatively
wet soils suggests at least modest/isolated excessive runoff 
potential. Marginal Risk remains in place for this scenario.

Farther east across the Ohio Valley, models are all indicative of
scattered, west-to-east oriented convection that should gradually
propagate southeastward through much of the forecast period.
Substantial differences exists, however, with respect to peak
precip maxima - Nam solutions tend to favor higher precipitation
totals across southern Ohio/northern West Virginia on the nose of
confluent 850mb flow in that area. Other solutions and higher-res
guidance/CAMs point to more backbuilding and training across
Kentucky (and perhaps as far west as the MS/OH River Confluence).
The spread in solutions has necessitated broad expansions of the
inherited Marginal Risk across the region, although the likelihood
of widespread training and or greater-than-isolated flash flood
potential seems a bit on the low side. Modest PW values (around
1-1.25 inch) and instability (especially with eastward extent) also
support the notion of relatively isolated excessive runoff issues.

Cook

Day 2
Valid 12Z Wed Nov 19 2025 - 12Z Thu Nov 20 2025

...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER PORTIONS OF
SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS TO A PORTION OF THE ARKANSAS RIVER VALLEY AND 
OVER THE SOUTHWEST...

Maintained continuity across both Marginal Risk areas but with
minor adjustments based on latest model runs. 

The upper level trough moving across the Southwest US continued to
trend somewhat slower than in earlier model runs...allowing for
more coverage of scattered showers and embedded thunderstorms are 
likely to persist into Wednesday across these areas. Overall it 
looks like less of a focus than the Day 1 period but nonetheless 
still enough of a convective signal to suggest localized flash 
flooding could continue to be a concern.

Farther east...low level moisture will start to be drawn northward
with dewpoints in the 60s by Wednesday afternoon across portions of
Texas into eastern Oklahoma and western Arkansas. That should help
feed the development of showers and a few thunderstorms during the
latter half of the period...moreso from late Wednesday night into early
Thursday morning. Model guidance continued to show most-unstable 
CAPE values pushing 1000 J per kg and precipitable water values in
excess of 1.5 inches becomes established along and south of a front
from parts of south-central Texas into eastern Oklahoma and 
western Arkansas. Based on the GEFS...the precipitable water axis 
is roughly between 2 and 2.5 standardized anomalies above 
climatology for this time of year. Based on that 
combination...suspect locally heavy rainfall rates are possible 
leading to localized flash flooding concerns. Deterministic QPF 
values remain fairly modest...but with the event spanning into 
Thursday with broader areal coverage and an increasing risk of 
excessive rainfall...kept the Marginal risk on the chance that the 
event begins a little earlier than shown by the current model runs.

Bann


Day 3
Valid 12Z Thu Nov 20 2025 - 12Z Fri Nov 21 2025

...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER PORTIONS OF
THE SOUTHERN PLAINS...

...SOUTHERN PLAINS...

The flow aloft backs over portions of Texas and Oklahoma and
becomes increasingly difluent Thursday morning as an upper trough
makes its way from the southern Great Basin into and across the
southern Rockies. This configuration aloft with increasingly moist
flow in the low levels ahead of a surface cold front will foster 
an environment producing excessive rainfall by means of intense 
rainfall rates by individual storms and by training of cells/repeat
convection. The axis of highest precipitable water
values...generally in the 1.5 to 1.75 inch range...sets up over 
the eastern half of Texas into southeast Oklahoma and western 
Arkansas...is roughly 2.5 standardized anomalies above climatology 
for this time of year feeding into storms that form during the 
afternoon and evening. Localized rainfall rates in excess of an 
inch per hour are expected with such a set up that results in 
flooding or problems from run off in regions of poor drainage. 
Model deterministic QPF is greatest over portions of Oklahoma into 
portions of western Arkansas...although there is some potential for
higher rainfall amounts developing over parts of central Texas 
based on hints from the models for cell training Thursday night.

...CALIFORNIA...
Maintained a Marginal Risk area introduced by the WPC Medium Range
desk over portions of coastal Southern California as the next area
of low pressure produces another round of on-shore flow of moisture
and associated rainfall Thursday into early Friday. Rainfall
amounts at this point look to be pretty modest but will be falling
on areas where antecedent conditions have been wet for the better
part of 5 days already. That may result in additional localized
flooding on Thursday or Thursday night.

Bann


Day 1 threat area: https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/94epoints.txt
Day 2 threat area: https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/98epoints.txt
Day 3 threat area: https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/99epoints.txt