For short range QPF (0-3h to 0-6 hour), we rely heavily on

• Current satellite and radar imagery

  • extrapolation of precipitation areas.
  • Anticipation of where new cells will form

• surface and upper air observations

• soundings

• MAPS and LAPS

  • where is low level convergence located, how is it changing

Operational models often have big problems at these time ranges

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