Extended Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
226 AM EDT Sat Sep 18 2021
Valid 12Z Tue Sep 21 2021 - 12Z Sat Sep 25 2021
...Weather Pattern Overview...
The strong storm system that is currently affecting the Pacific
Northwest is expected to be over the general vicinity of the
northern Great Lakes by Tuesday morning, accompanied by a strong
cold front that should steadily progress across the eastern third
of the nation. The large surface high and upper ridge that will
be across the eastern U.S. early in the week will eventually give
way to the approaching trough and cold front, which will herald a
pattern change compared to the recent extension of summer-like
heat and humidity. In addition, a second storm system is forecast
to reach the northwestern U.S. by Wednesday night and into
Thursday as the storm track across the northeast Pacific remains
active next week, along with a possible closed low over the Desert
Southwest by the end of next week.
...Overview and Guidance Evaluation/Preferences...
The latest deterministic guidance is initially in decent agreement
on Tuesday across most of the continental U.S. before rather
significant differences emerge as early as Wednesday night and
below average confidence exists for the second half of the
forecast period. The long wave trough crossing the Midwest may
evolve into a slower moving closed low over the Ohio Valley based
on the non-NCEP guidance, and thus a slower cold front progression
compared to earlier forecasts, with the UKMET the slowest solution
here. The GFS and its ensemble mean bring the cold front and
shortwave through faster before evolving into a closed low over
the Northeast states by Thursday night. This has implications for
the next shortwave/front crossing the Rockies and northern Plains
by the end of the week, with the GFS progressive and more
amplified. Substantial uncertainties also exist with a potential
weak closed low near California as suggested by the 12Z ECMWF,
whereas the bulk of the guidance is more suggestive of a broad
upper ridge in this region.
The WPC fronts/pressures forecast was primarily based on a nearly
equal blend of the CMC/GFS/ECMWF through Wednesday, and then
slightly more weighting on the ECWMF while still maintaining some
of the GFS and CMC through Thursday. More of the ensemble means
were incorporated for Friday and Saturday, and some previous WPC
continuity was maintained through day 6 owing to the model
variations noted above. Noteworthy changes in the forecast are
possible in future updates for Thursday and beyond.
...Weather and Potential Hazards...
Widespread showers and scattered thunderstorms are expected to
develop along and ahead of the cold front from the Tennessee River
Valley to the Great Lakes midweek, with some locations getting on
the order of 1 to 2 inches of rainfall with locally higher totals
possible. This unsettled weather is expected to reach the
Mid-Atlantic and Northeast by Thursday with locally heavy rainfall
possible. Some strong to severe storms will also be possible
where favorable parameters of wind shear and instability exist,
although location specifics are uncertain. There may also be
enhanced fire weather concerns for portions of the West, depending
on the magnitude of the pressure gradient and resulting winds in
the wake of the cold front.
In terms of temperatures, it will be pleasantly cool behind the
cold front across the Plains and Midwest for the middle of the
week, and the fall-like conditions should make it to the East
Coast by Friday along with improving humidity levels. A warming
trend is likely to commence across much of the western U.S. by
next weekend in response to a building upper level ridge, although
no major heat waves are currently anticipated.
Hamrick
Additional 3-7 Day Hazard information can be found on the WPC
medium range hazards outlook chart at:
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/threats/threats.php
WPC medium range 500mb heights, surface systems, weather grids,
quantitative precipitation, winter weather outlook probabilities
and heat indices are at:
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/medr/5dayfcst500_wbg.gif
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/medr/5dayfcst_wbg_conus.gif
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/5km_grids/5km_gridsbody.html
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/day4-7.shtml
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/wwd/pwpf_d47/pwpf_medr.php?day=4
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/heat_index.shtml