Weather Prediction Center

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Short Range Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
220 PM EST Thu Jan 23 2025

Valid 00Z Fri Jan 24 2025 - 00Z Sun Jan 26 2025

...Very Cold Winter temperatures continue from the Rockies to the East
Coast with a slow warm up anticipated heading into the weekend....

...Periods of lake-effect snow expected downwind of the Great Lakes with
some moderate accumulations possible...

...Multiple hazards will be possible over Southern California...

Well below average, very cold temperatures will continue for most of the
country from the Rockies east to the East Coast the next couple of days,
with some of the most notable departures from average over the Southeast.
Forecast highs Thursday generally range from the teens and 20s for the
northern Plains and Midwest, the 20s and 30s from the Rockies and central
Plains east through the Ohio Valley to the Northeast, and the upper 30s to
low 50s from the southern Plains east to the Southeast. Low temperatures
will be frigid across the Deep South with low temperatures in the 20s and
upper teens possible into Saturday morning.Temperatures may be as much as
20 degrees below average for Late January standards and some locations may
break daily record low temperatures across south Georgia to South Florida.
Although winds have come down compared to recent days, wind chills will
still be quite frigid and make temperatures feel around 10 degrees colder.
Some of the more adverse impacts from these temperatures will be for
portions of the Gulf Coast and Southeast where snow and ice linger on
roads and keep travel hazardous after the historic winter storm. Morning
low temperatures look to drop below freezing through the weekend across
northern Florida into the Carolinas. Conditions will moderate some later
this weekend, especially for portions of the Plains and southwestern Gulf
Coast where warm westerly winds will bring temperatures up by 10-20
degrees and to average to above average levels.

A clipper system passing through the Great Lakes, Ohio Valley, and
eastward into the Interior Northeast/Appalachians today will bring some
snow showers across the region. Some moderate accumulations are possible
with lake-effect snow bands for favorable downwind locations of the Great
Lakes. Locations that see the heaviest bands could near 3-6 inch snowfall
accumulations. Downwind areas of Lake Ontario near Watertown are under a
Lake Effect Snow Warning, and eastern shores of Lake Michigan have Winter
Storm Warnings and Advisories active.

Very gusty offshore Santa Ana winds will continue this afternoon for
Southern California, with gusts as high as 65 mph for some of the area
mountain ranges. These winds in combination with very low humidity and dry
antecedent conditions have prompted the Storm Prediction Center to
continue a Critical Risk of Fire Weather (level 2/3) today and an Elevated
Fire Weather Outlook for Friday as of the afternoon forecast package. Wind
gusts are expected to come down into Friday, reducing the fire risk,
though an elevated threat will still exist given dry humidity and
conditions. Ironically, the fires and relatively dry winter for Southern
California will lead to a possible flash flooding threat on Saturday
across the region as a cold front moves southward into the area. Some
isolated heavy rain, approaching half an inch per hour, may have a
non-zero risk of debris flows over burn scars Saturday into Sunday. The
Weather Prediction Center has a Marginal Risk for Excessive Rainfall on
Saturday to account for this risk in a very susceptible region recovering
and still dealing with wildfires.

Aside from the main story-lines, another notable talking point will be the
strong cold front moving across the West. The West has been mostly under a
ridging pattern over the past week or two, but troughing will push into
the region and push a relatively strong cold into the Southwest. By
Saturday, areas could be 15-20 degrees below average for high
temperatures. High temperatures will be in the 30s and 40s for the Pacific
Northwest and in the teens and 20s across the northern Plains and Rockies.
Mountain snows will accompany the frontal passage Friday night and
Saturday in the northern Rockies with some areas seeing a couple of inches
of snow.

Putnam/Wilder


Graphics available at
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/basicwx/basicwx_ndfd.php

Extended Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
143 PM EST Thu Jan 23 2025

Valid 12Z Sun Jan 26 2025 - 12Z Thu Jan 30 2025


...Overview...

It is still the case that the start of the period on Sunday will
feature an upper level closed low diving southward along the
California coast, and only very slowly moving eastward with time
next week. This should bring beneficial precipitation to parts of
southern California that have been dealing with devastating
wildfires. Organized rains/terrain snows should make their way
downstream into the Southwest as well. Meanwhile, northern stream
mean troughing, and reinforcing shortwaves will cross from the
northern Plains into the Great Lakes and Northeast into next week.
Moderate to locally heavy rainfall will develop to the south across
the Lower Mississippi Valley Sunday and Monday as a slow moving
frontal boundary moves through the region. Additional frontal wave
genesis over the Southern Plains into mid-later next week given
Southwest upper low slow approach may again increase lead return
flow and emerging rainfall to monitor. The signal for an emerging
period of heavy rainfall is growing, but placement remains quite
uncertain at this time.

...Guidance/Predictability Assessment...

Model and ensemble forecast spread continues to slowly improve
over the past few run cycles, bolstering forecast confidence
through much of the upcoming medium-range forecast period. This
favorable trend continued with the latest 12 UTC cycle.

Accordingly, a blended guidance forecast strategy that leans more
on the models Sunday-Tuesday, and then on the ensemble means at
longer time frames will tend to mitigate numerous lingering
smaller scale differences as consistent with individual
predictability. This plan acts to maintain maximum WPC product
continuity as mostly in line with the National Blend of Models.

...Weather/Hazards Highlights...

WPC continuity has been well maintained for overall messaging on
the main upcoming weather/hazards highlighted overnight (below):

The slow moving upper low through California on Sunday will
continue to allow for much needed rain to southern California. Even
though QPF amounts are not too high, given sensitivity especially
in fresh burn scar locations, it may not take much to cause
flooding concerns. For this reason, a small marginal risk was added
to parts of Southern California on the Day 4 Excessive Rainfall
Outlook. Modest snows are possible across the terrain of southern
California, with rain and mountain snow into parts of the Southwest
as well. A tightened gradient behind the cold front dropping south
may produce some gusty winds along parts of the Rockies late this
week and California and Nevada on Saturday with offshore flow and
modestly favorable fire weather conditions possible again behind
the upper low next week to keep an eye on.

Farther east, Gulf moisture will interact with a front approaching
the Lower Mississippi Valley to Tennessee and Ohio Valleys by this
coming weekend/early next week. Latest guidance continues to show
heavy rainfall totals over parts of the southern U.S., with the
potential for heavy rain and thunderstorms on Sunday across
southeast Texas and the Lower Mississippi Valley. A marginal risk
was carried into the new Day 4/Sunday Excessive Rainfall Outlook
from eastern Texas into Mississippi where storms may train along a
slow moving frontal boundary. Some snow or a wintry mix is
possible on the northern side of this precipitation shield mainly
over the Ohio Valley, south-central Appalachians, and possibly the
Tennessee Valley and vicinity. Precipitation may spread towards the
East Coast early next week as the frontal system progresses with
some rainfall redevelopment across the Southern Plains and lower
Mississippi Valley as well. This signal is increasing with
development of an organized frontal wave with Southwest upper
system approach, but rainfall focus and axis remains uncertain.

Much of the East should finally be back up towards normal
temperatures early next week, though readings a few degrees below
normal are possible across the Southeast. Anomalously cold
temperatures will also develop in the High Plains, Rockies, and
much of the West under the influence of upper troughing. The
coldest anomalies will be in the High Plains and Rockies to
Southern High Plains where high temperatures could be 10-20 degrees
below normal. Late period ridging over the northern tier could
allow temperatures to rise above normal next week, gradually
shifting south and east with time.

Santorelli/Schichtel


Additional 3-7 Day Hazard information can be found on the WPC
medium range hazards outlook chart at:
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/threats/threats.php

WPC medium range 500mb heights, surface systems, weather grids,
quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF), excessive rainfall
outlook (ERO), winter weather outlook (WWO) probabilities, heat
indices, and Key Messages can be accessed from:

https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/medr/5dayfcst500_wbg.gif
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/medr/5dayfcst_wbg_conus.gif
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/5km_grids/5km_gridsbody.html
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/day4-7.shtml
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/#page=ero
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/wwd/pwpf_d47/pwpf_medr.php?day=4
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/heat_index.shtml
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/#page=ovw

Hawaii Extended Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
221 AM EST Thu Jan 23 2025

Valid 00Z Fri Jan 24 2025 - 00Z Fri Jan 31 2025

A cut off low north of Hawaii will linger until about Friday when
it lifts north and weakens. Behind this, another amplified trough
or upper low will develop again to the north. Rounds of enhanced
precipitation is expected with associated cold fronts, with some
moderate to locally heavy rainfall at times and some gusty winds
within and overall wet and windy pattern for Hawaii. The guidance
shows good agreement on the first upper low lifting out in the
next day or so, but a lot of uncertainty in the timing and
placement of the next feature.

Santorelli

Excessive Rainfall Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
712 PM EST Thu Jan 23 2025
Day 1
Valid 01Z Fri Jan 24 2025 - 12Z Fri Jan 24 2025


The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
than 5 percent.

Bann


Day 1 threat area: www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/94epoints.txt

Excessive Rainfall Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
712 PM EST Thu Jan 23 2025
Day 2
Valid 12Z Fri Jan 24 2025 - 12Z Sat Jan 25 2025

The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
than 5 percent.

Orrison


Day 2 threat area: www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/98epoints.txt

Excessive Rainfall Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
712 PM EST Thu Jan 23 2025
Day 3
Valid 12Z Sat Jan 25 2025 - 12Z Sun Jan 26 2025

...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PORTIONS
OF THE TRANSVERSE RANGES AND LOS ANGELES BASIN OF SOUTHERN
CALIFORNIA...

...Southern California...

A developing closed low over central California by late Saturday
will foster an area of surface low pressure across the Central
Valley which will then refocus offshore of the coastal ranges
Saturday night and Sunday morning. This will help set the stage
for weak and relatively moist onshore flow to aim into the
Transverse Ranges. This onshore flow coupled with DPVA and
steepening mid-level lapse rates will allow for the development
and expansion of moderate to locally heavy shower activity, and
especially by Sunday morning when some pockets of locally stronger
convection may be possible. This will include areas from Santa
Barbara County on down through Los Angeles County, and also the
western portions of San Bernadino and Riverside Counties. A
somewhat stronger and wetter solution is being advertised by the
latest model guidance compared to previous cycles, and generally as
much as a 0.5" to 0.75" of rain is forecast by Sunday morning with
the heaviest totals most likely over the San Gabriel Mountains
where there will be somewhat stronger orographic ascent/upslope
flow facilitating slightly higher rainfall rates (potentially
reaching 0.25"+/hour).

Given the ongoing wildfire/burn scar sensitivities over the region,
these rains Saturday night and Sunday morning may be heavy enough
to result in some localized debris flow and related flash flooding
activity. Therefore, the Marginal Risk has been maintained over
portions of the Transverse Ranges and the Los Angeles Basin. The
Marginal Risk area has also been expanded just slightly eastward
into portions of western San Bernadino and Riverside Counties along
with a small portion of Orange County.

Orrison

Day 3 threat area: www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/99epoints.txt

Extended Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
143 PM EST Thu Jan 23 2025


WPC continuity has been well maintained for overall messaging on
the main upcoming weather/hazards highlighted overnight (below):

The slow moving upper low through California on Sunday will
continue to allow for much needed rain to southern California. Even
though QPF amounts are not too high, given sensitivity especially
in fresh burn scar locations, it may not take much to cause
flooding concerns. For this reason, a small marginal risk was added
to parts of Southern California on the Day 4 Excessive Rainfall
Outlook. Modest snows are possible across the terrain of southern
California, with rain and mountain snow into parts of the Southwest
as well. A tightened gradient behind the cold front dropping south
may produce some gusty winds along parts of the Rockies late this
week and California and Nevada on Saturday with offshore flow and
modestly favorable fire weather conditions possible again behind
the upper low next week to keep an eye on.

Farther east, Gulf moisture will interact with a front approaching
the Lower Mississippi Valley to Tennessee and Ohio Valleys by this
coming weekend/early next week. Latest guidance continues to show
heavy rainfall totals over parts of the southern U.S., with the
potential for heavy rain and thunderstorms on Sunday across
southeast Texas and the Lower Mississippi Valley. A marginal risk
was carried into the new Day 4/Sunday Excessive Rainfall Outlook
from eastern Texas into Mississippi where storms may train along a
slow moving frontal boundary. Some snow or a wintry mix is
possible on the northern side of this precipitation shield mainly
over the Ohio Valley, south-central Appalachians, and possibly the
Tennessee Valley and vicinity. Precipitation may spread towards the
East Coast early next week as the frontal system progresses with
some rainfall redevelopment across the Southern Plains and lower
Mississippi Valley as well. This signal is increasing with
development of an organized frontal wave with Southwest upper
system approach, but rainfall focus and axis remains uncertain.

Much of the East should finally be back up towards normal
temperatures early next week, though readings a few degrees below
normal are possible across the Southeast. Anomalously cold
temperatures will also develop in the High Plains, Rockies, and
much of the West under the influence of upper troughing. The
coldest anomalies will be in the High Plains and Rockies to
Southern High Plains where high temperatures could be 10-20 degrees
below normal. Late period ridging over the northern tier could
allow temperatures to rise above normal next week, gradually
shifting south and east with time.

Santorelli/Schichtel

Extended Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
143 PM EST Thu Jan 23 2025


WPC continuity has been well maintained for overall messaging on
the main upcoming weather/hazards highlighted overnight (below):

The slow moving upper low through California on Sunday will
continue to allow for much needed rain to southern California. Even
though QPF amounts are not too high, given sensitivity especially
in fresh burn scar locations, it may not take much to cause
flooding concerns. For this reason, a small marginal risk was added
to parts of Southern California on the Day 4 Excessive Rainfall
Outlook. Modest snows are possible across the terrain of southern
California, with rain and mountain snow into parts of the Southwest
as well. A tightened gradient behind the cold front dropping south
may produce some gusty winds along parts of the Rockies late this
week and California and Nevada on Saturday with offshore flow and
modestly favorable fire weather conditions possible again behind
the upper low next week to keep an eye on.

Farther east, Gulf moisture will interact with a front approaching
the Lower Mississippi Valley to Tennessee and Ohio Valleys by this
coming weekend/early next week. Latest guidance continues to show
heavy rainfall totals over parts of the southern U.S., with the
potential for heavy rain and thunderstorms on Sunday across
southeast Texas and the Lower Mississippi Valley. A marginal risk
was carried into the new Day 4/Sunday Excessive Rainfall Outlook
from eastern Texas into Mississippi where storms may train along a
slow moving frontal boundary. Some snow or a wintry mix is
possible on the northern side of this precipitation shield mainly
over the Ohio Valley, south-central Appalachians, and possibly the
Tennessee Valley and vicinity. Precipitation may spread towards the
East Coast early next week as the frontal system progresses with
some rainfall redevelopment across the Southern Plains and lower
Mississippi Valley as well. This signal is increasing with
development of an organized frontal wave with Southwest upper
system approach, but rainfall focus and axis remains uncertain.

Much of the East should finally be back up towards normal
temperatures early next week, though readings a few degrees below
normal are possible across the Southeast. Anomalously cold
temperatures will also develop in the High Plains, Rockies, and
much of the West under the influence of upper troughing. The
coldest anomalies will be in the High Plains and Rockies to
Southern High Plains where high temperatures could be 10-20 degrees
below normal. Late period ridging over the northern tier could
allow temperatures to rise above normal next week, gradually
shifting south and east with time.

Santorelli/Schichtel

Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
208 PM EST Thu Jan 23 2025

Valid 00Z Fri Jan 24 2025 - 00Z Mon Jan 27 2025

...Great Lakes...
Days 1-3...

Cyclonic flow across the east and three separate shortwaves
crossing the Great Lakes will promote continued CAA as well as
upslope flow and pulses of LES throughout the region. The initial
shortwave and period of CAA will be somewhat short lived tonight as
a brief period of shortwave ridging follows in its wake, primarily
resulting in subtle WAA on Friday, before a second, but weaker and
displaced farther north, shortwave digs across the region driving
another cold front eastward. Then, a third system will quickly
trail and enter the Upper Great Lakes by the end of D3, but with
better forcing and lake-enhancement north of the U.S. - Canadian
border. In total, this will result in two rounds of CAA across the
cold
lakes (GLERL total ice coverage up to 24% with Lake Erie up to
80%), so despite steepening lapse rates the duration and intensity
of any subsequent lake effect snow (LES) will be modest.

This results in the heaviest snow likely occurring D2-D3 as
reflected by WPC probabilities for more than 6 inches reaching
70-90% east of Lake Ontario and across the Keweenaw Peninsula, but
D1 probabilities for 4+ inches are also high (70%) east of Lake
Ontario. 3-day total snowfall may eclipse 12 inches in the most
prolonged snow bands.


...The West...
Days 1-3...

An upper ridge dominating the flow across much of the West will
quickly be replaced by an amplifying trough beginning D1. This
will occur in response to a shortwave trough digging across British
Columbia/Alberta and connecting with secondary energy from the
Pacific moving into the Pacific Northwest. Together, these will
force a longwave trough to deepen, with height falls rapidly
beginning Friday across the Pacific and Interior Northwest as
secondary energy digs southward through the trough. With time, this
feature is progged to become even more impressive, taking on a
negative tilt near CA Saturday and then potentially closing off
into an amplified low as reflected by both ECMWF and GFS
deterministic 500mb fields, and supported by NAEFS 700-500mb height
anomalies falling to below the 10th percentile over CA and
portions of the Great Basin.

This synoptic evolution will help push a cold front southward
through the Central Rockies and Great Basin, while the placement of
the upper low results in downstream divergence and pronounced SW
flow atop the sinking front. The result of this will be increasing
isentropic ascent and expanding precipitation, generally in the
form of snow as the swath of precip pivots south from the Northern
Rockies through the Great Basin, accompanied by snow levels falling
from 1500-3000 ft ahead of the front to less than 500 ft behind
it. Most of the precipitation should be light to moderate as PW
anomalies are generally normal to below normal, but some heavier
snowfall is possible, especially D2 as a stripe of fgen develops
in the LFQ of a strengthening jet streak collocated with the
WAA/isentropic ascent from the Great Basin east to the Front Range
of CO. Some enhanced ascent will also occur in this area due to
increasing upslope flow on the NE flow around a high pressure to
the north.

As the closed upper low lazily sinks southward on D3 along the
central CA coastline, periods of light to moderate snow are also
likely to develop across the southern Sierra Nevada and southern
California ranges. Precipitation will be mostly driven off of upper
divergence due to a strengthening southwesterly jet over the
Southwest and most importantly steep lapse rates (>7.5C 700-500 mb
per the ECMWF). This will allow for snowfall levels to fall to
around 4000ft in southern CA, with levels a bit higher in the San
Jacinto range though Sunday.

This evolution will spread a swath of snowfall southward each day.
On D1, WPC probabilities for 4+ inches are moderate (50-70%) across
some of the higher terrain of central/western Montana and western
WY. By D2 the coverage of moderate probabilities spreads southward
into the central Great Basin and the CO Rockies, including the
Park Range, Medicine Bow Range, and immediate Front Range. WPC
probabilities for 4 inches or more are highest from the Front
Range to the Park Range of CO, with some lower probabilities as
far east as the Sierra. By D3 these moderate probabilities then
center over the southern Sierra and southern CA ranges. Days 1-3
snowfall could exceed 1 foot in parts of the Colorado Rockies.


For the days 1-3 period, the probability of significant icing
greater than 0.10" is less than 10 percent.


Weiss/Snell

Extended Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
143 PM EST Thu Jan 23 2025

Valid 12Z Sun Jan 26 2025 - 12Z Thu Jan 30 2025


...Overview...

It is still the case that the start of the period on Sunday will
feature an upper level closed low diving southward along the
California coast, and only very slowly moving eastward with time
next week. This should bring beneficial precipitation to parts of
southern California that have been dealing with devastating
wildfires. Organized rains/terrain snows should make their way
downstream into the Southwest as well. Meanwhile, northern stream
mean troughing, and reinforcing shortwaves will cross from the
northern Plains into the Great Lakes and Northeast into next week.
Moderate to locally heavy rainfall will develop to the south across
the Lower Mississippi Valley Sunday and Monday as a slow moving
frontal boundary moves through the region. Additional frontal wave
genesis over the Southern Plains into mid-later next week given
Southwest upper low slow approach may again increase lead return
flow and emerging rainfall to monitor. The signal for an emerging
period of heavy rainfall is growing, but placement remains quite
uncertain at this time.

...Guidance/Predictability Assessment...

Model and ensemble forecast spread continues to slowly improve
over the past few run cycles, bolstering forecast confidence
through much of the upcoming medium-range forecast period. This
favorable trend continued with the latest 12 UTC cycle.

Accordingly, a blended guidance forecast strategy that leans more
on the models Sunday-Tuesday, and then on the ensemble means at
longer time frames will tend to mitigate numerous lingering
smaller scale differences as consistent with individual
predictability. This plan acts to maintain maximum WPC product
continuity as mostly in line with the National Blend of Models.

...Weather/Hazards Highlights...

WPC continuity has been well maintained for overall messaging on
the main upcoming weather/hazards highlighted overnight (below):

The slow moving upper low through California on Sunday will
continue to allow for much needed rain to southern California. Even
though QPF amounts are not too high, given sensitivity especially
in fresh burn scar locations, it may not take much to cause
flooding concerns. For this reason, a small marginal risk was added
to parts of Southern California on the Day 4 Excessive Rainfall
Outlook. Modest snows are possible across the terrain of southern
California, with rain and mountain snow into parts of the Southwest
as well. A tightened gradient behind the cold front dropping south
may produce some gusty winds along parts of the Rockies late this
week and California and Nevada on Saturday with offshore flow and
modestly favorable fire weather conditions possible again behind
the upper low next week to keep an eye on.

Farther east, Gulf moisture will interact with a front approaching
the Lower Mississippi Valley to Tennessee and Ohio Valleys by this
coming weekend/early next week. Latest guidance continues to show
heavy rainfall totals over parts of the southern U.S., with the
potential for heavy rain and thunderstorms on Sunday across
southeast Texas and the Lower Mississippi Valley. A marginal risk
was carried into the new Day 4/Sunday Excessive Rainfall Outlook
from eastern Texas into Mississippi where storms may train along a
slow moving frontal boundary. Some snow or a wintry mix is
possible on the northern side of this precipitation shield mainly
over the Ohio Valley, south-central Appalachians, and possibly the
Tennessee Valley and vicinity. Precipitation may spread towards the
East Coast early next week as the frontal system progresses with
some rainfall redevelopment across the Southern Plains and lower
Mississippi Valley as well. This signal is increasing with
development of an organized frontal wave with Southwest upper
system approach, but rainfall focus and axis remains uncertain.

Much of the East should finally be back up towards normal
temperatures early next week, though readings a few degrees below
normal are possible across the Southeast. Anomalously cold
temperatures will also develop in the High Plains, Rockies, and
much of the West under the influence of upper troughing. The
coldest anomalies will be in the High Plains and Rockies to
Southern High Plains where high temperatures could be 10-20 degrees
below normal. Late period ridging over the northern tier could
allow temperatures to rise above normal next week, gradually
shifting south and east with time.

Santorelli/Schichtel


Additional 3-7 Day Hazard information can be found on the WPC
medium range hazards outlook chart at:
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/threats/threats.php

WPC medium range 500mb heights, surface systems, weather grids,
quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF), excessive rainfall
outlook (ERO), winter weather outlook (WWO) probabilities, heat
indices, and Key Messages can be accessed from:

https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/medr/5dayfcst500_wbg.gif
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/medr/5dayfcst_wbg_conus.gif
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/5km_grids/5km_gridsbody.html
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/day4-7.shtml
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/#page=ero
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/wwd/pwpf_d47/pwpf_medr.php?day=4
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/heat_index.shtml
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/#page=ovw