Weather Prediction Center

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Short Range Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
400 AM EDT Thu Jun 05 2025

Valid 12Z Thu Jun 05 2025 - 12Z Sat Jun 07 2025

...Heavy showers and severe thunderstorms are expected to redevelop
tonight across the central Plains and nearby High Plains where flash
flooding is possible...

...Another round of heavy showers and severe thunderstorms is expected to
impact the south-central Plains and nearby High Plains Friday night into
early Saturday where flash flooding is possible...

...Tropical moisture associated with a coastal low pressure system is
forecast to bring some heavy rainfall today near the Carolina coastline
and portions of the Florida Panhandle...

An upper-level trough that has already brought heavy rain and
thunderstorms across many locations of the Southwest into the Four Corners
is forecast to weaken today. However, the weakened system is forecast to
linger over the Southwest and periodically ejects energy eastward into the
south-central U.S. where it will continue to interact with a meandering
frontal boundary. Under this weather pattern, the threat of heavy rain and
strong thunderstorms will lessen today across the Southwest into the Four
Corners as the focus of strong thunderstorms will shift into the
south-central U.S. through the next couple of days. Multiple waves of low
pressure riding northeastward up along the meandering front will
periodically trigger clusters of heavy showers and thunderstorms which
will lead to additional concerns for some flash flooding along with severe
weather.

For today, the greatest threat for severe weather is expected to be over
the southern High Plains from eastern New Mexico into portions of Oklahoma
and Texas where the Storm Prediction Center has depicted a Slight Risk
(level 2/5) of severe thunderstorms. A threat of large hail, damaging
winds and potentially a few tornadoes will exist, and especially this
afternoon and evening. A lesser threat of heavy rain and strong
thunderstorms is forecast to extend northeast across the Ohio/Tennessee
Valley and into the Northeast for the second half of today and Friday as
the front becomes slow-moving. Also on Friday, the threat of severe
weather will extent well off to the east into the Ohio and Tennessee
Valleys where a broad Slight Risk of severe thunderstorms is depicted. By
Friday night into Saturday morning, another round of potentially severe
thunderstorms and heavy rain is forecast for the south-central Plains
mainly across Oklahoma where slight risks of excessive rainfall and severe
thunderstorms are anticipated. Scattered showers and thunderstorms are
also expected farther north across the central Rockies into the nearby
High Plains through the next couple of days, as well as across the
northern Plains into the upper Midwest later today through Friday morning.

Meanwhile, an area of low pressure is developing near the coast of the
southeastern U.S. where an upper-level trough continues to interact with a
coastal front. The center of this system is forecast to track
northeastward just inland from the Carolina coastline through tonight
before moving further off the Mid-Atlantic coast Friday night into
Saturday morning. Tropical moisture lifting northward near and ahead of
the system will bring a threat of heavy rainfall and isolated to scattered
areas of flash flooding. A few inches of rainfall is generally expected
across the coastal plain before the rain moves out to sea on Friday.

Behind the aforementioned frontal zone draping from the southern Plains,
Ohio Valley and eventually the Northeast, temperatures will generally be
below normal with highs especially over portions of the Plains running as
much as 10 to 20 degrees below average for early June. Temperatures will
also be below normal over portions of the Southwest and the Southeast U.S.
where extensive cloud cover and areas of heavy rain will keep temperatures
cooler. Much above average temperatures are forecast for the Northeast
U.S. ahead of the front where some high temperatures may reach over 90s
today. Very warm to locally hot temperatures are also expected by Friday
across the Pacific Northwest and portions of the Great Basin.

Kong/Orrison


Graphics available at
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/basicwx/basicwx_ndfd.php

Extended Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
259 AM EDT Thu Jun 5 2025

Valid 12Z Sun Jun 08 2025 - 12Z Thu Jun 12 2025


...Severe weather possible in the southern through the weekend,
with heavy rain possible there through much of next week...

...Heat wave for the Interior West with some heat in South
Texas...


...Overview...

Multiple rounds of thunderstorms that may be severe and/or cause
flash flooding in the southern tier in particular as expected to
accompany fronts pushing through the Plains eastward. Meanwhile,
rounds of ridging over the West (though interrupted by shortwaves)
will lead to much above normal temperatures.


...Guidance/Predictability Assessment...

The latest suite of guidance continued to show agreement of the
large scale features yet wavered on details. Consolidated energy
diving across south-central Canada will form an upper low by Sunday
that reaches the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes on Monday and deepens
the trough slightly across the east- central U.S. The timing and
strength of shortwave energy and associated surface fronts remain
uncertain.

Within general spread, the GFS continues to depict a relatively
deep surface low atop Ohio/Pennsylvania by early Sunday and higher
QPF than the rest of the cluster. Consensus persists for this
trough axis to start moving more quickly east by midweek.
The northern stream upper ridging to be atop the Northwest over
the weekend, expanding and moving east across the Intermountain
West gradually next week as a trough may reach the West Coast by
Tuesday or Wednesday. A southern stream low offshore California to
start the period on Saturday looks to shrink/weaken but perhaps
drift inland early next week, with more uncertainty.

The preferred WPC blend utilized 18Z GFS and 12Z ECMWF/CMC/UKMET
as a starting point and then included modest weighting of the EC
ensemble and GEFS mean beyond the weekend


...Weather/Hazards Highlights...

Showers and thunderstorms may continue to linger across the
Northeast while the front pulls further offshore Sunday. However
convection will continue along front that stretches through the
Lower Ohio/Tennessee Valleys, Lower Mississippi Valley, and into
the Southern Plains. Greater rainfall rates and accumulations are
likely to focus over portions of Oklahoma and Texas where there
will be pooled Gulf moisture and high instability to tap into and
recent heavy rains. The Storm Prediction Center continues to show
the potential for severe weather across the South/Central Plains
east into the Southeast. WPC maintained the broad Marginal Risk
from the Texas Panhandle to the Southeast Coast with an embedded
Slight along the Red River into the Ark-La-Tex. The front will
advance southward by Monday and the precipitation will be
widespread across the Gulf states, Lower Mississippi Valley, and
eastern parts of the Southern Plains. WPC raised a broad Marginal
Risk that stretches from eastern New Mexico to western Georgia.
Given the variances on the location of the highest QPF opted to
keep the threat potential as a level 1 although there are signal
for local 2 to 4 inches which may require a future upgrade to a
Slight should agreement improve.

Meanwhile, another frontal system will track across the
Midwest/Great Lakes for some modest rain there over the weekend,
reaching the Northeast by Monday and Tuesday. The current forecast
continues to show the leading front dissipating while this
secondary front becomes dominant. The second front settling south
will once again promote rain and thunderstorms across the southern
Plains and Southeast through the first half of next week as the
moisture and instability lingers.

Temperatures are expected to be near to slightly below seasonal
average for central and eastern portions of the country with the
troughing. For southern Texas daily readings will climb well into
the 100s with heat indices possibly above 110F. But the largest
temperature anomalies will be across the Northwest U.S. through the
weekend into early next week underneath mean upper ridging. This
region will observe readings 15 to 25 degrees warmer than average
for early June, with some interior locations hitting the 90s. Even
cities like Seattle look to reach the mid to upper 80s. Above
normal temperatures will stretch into the central Great Basin, and
the Desert Southwest can expect temperatures well into the 100s to
110 degrees. For safety information, see weather.gov/heat.


Campbell/Tate


Additional 3-7 Day Hazard information can be found on the WPC
medium range hazards outlook chart at:
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/threats/threats.php

WPC medium range 500mb heights, surface systems, weather grids,
quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF), excessive rainfall
outlook (ERO), winter weather outlook (WWO) probabilities, heat
indices, and Key Messages can be accessed from:

https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/medr/5dayfcst500_wbg.gif
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/medr/5dayfcst_wbg_conus.gif
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/5km_grids/5km_gridsbody.html
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/day4-7.shtml
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/#page=ero
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/wwd/pwpf_d47/pwpf_medr.php?day=4
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/heat_index.shtml
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/#page=ovw

Hawaii Extended Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
417 AM EDT Thu Jun 5 2025

Valid 00Z Fri 06 Jun 2025 - 00Z Fri 13 Jun 2025

Isolated to scattered showers expected daily with a drier airmass
moving in by the weekend. Accumulations are expected to be light
with moderate trade winds.

Campbell

Excessive Rainfall Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
405 AM EDT Thu Jun 5 2025
Day 1
Valid 12Z Thu Jun 05 2025 - 12Z Fri Jun 06 2025

...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
THE SOUTH-CENTRAL PLAINS...

...Central to Southern Plains...
Shortwave energy embedded in the west southwesterly mid to upper
level flow across the Central to Southern Plains will support
additional organized convection late Thursday afternoon into
Thursday night/early Friday morning across portions of the Central
to Southern Plains. The low level southerly flow expected to
strengthen Thursday afternoon into the northward moving warm front
across the Southern Plains, igniting convection across southeast
Colorado, with this activity then enhancing as it treks east
southward across southern KS and northern OK. The previous broad
slight risk area was narrowed to better align with the higher HREF
neighborhood probabilities for 2 and 3"+ amounts and where the HREF
EAS probabilities for 1"+ amounts were highest, indicating where
hi res guidance was in better agreement. South of this west to east
slight risk area, there was less agreement on convective placement
across western TX. The previous slight risk area was reduced to
marginal given this and higher FFG values.

Upstream across the Southern Great Basin into the Southern to
Central Rockies...no changes made to the previous slight risk
area. PW values expected to remain well above average from southern
NV into northern AZ, Southern UT and western CO, supporting
another day of widespread scattered convection, locally heavy rains
and isolated runoff issues.

..Lower Lakes, OH Valley into the Mid to Lower MS Valley...
PW values also expected to remain above average in the vicinity of
the nearly stationary frontal boundary stretching from the lower
Lakes, southwest into the OH Valley and Mid to Lower MS Valley. A
broad marginal risk area was maintained from previous issuances for
localized heavy rainfall and isolated runoff issues. The previous
marginal risk area was narrowed to better reflect latest model
consensus on the moderate to locally heavy qpf axis.

...Coastal SC into eastern NC...
A weak surface low, accompanied by an axis of above average PW
values will push northeast along the SC/NC coasts day 1. The
latest model consensus is for the axis of the heaviest
precipitation to remain offshore, indicated by fairly high HREF EAS
probabilities for 1, 2 and 3"+ totals off the NC coast. Given
this, the previous slight risk area over the central NC coast was
removed. There is consensus for an inland max day 1 qpf across
southeast NC. The HREF neighborhood probabilities are fairly high
for 2 and 3"+ amounts, although there is not good overlap in
placement as EAS probabilities are much lower for these values.
Considered a slight risk here, but with FFG values high and low EAS
probabilities for the 2 and 3"+ amounts, the risk was kept at
marginal.

Oravec

Day 1 threat area: www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/94epoints.txt

Excessive Rainfall Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
405 AM EDT Thu Jun 5 2025
Day 2
Valid 12Z Fri Jun 06 2025 - 12Z Sat Jun 07 2025

...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF
OKLAHOMA INTO THE KANSAS, OKLAHOMA, MISSOURI, ARKANSAS BORDER
REGION...

...Oklahoma into the OK/KS/MO/Ar border area...
Another round of shortwave energy forecast to drop east
southeastward from the Central Rockies into the Central to Southern
Plains Friday into Friday night/early Saturday. This will support
potential for another round of organized convection in the vicinity
of the west to east oriented frontal zone. PW values along this
front will remain above average...2+ standard deviations above the
mean, supporting heavy precip potential. There is fairly good
model consensus for an axis of heavy rains along this front across
much of OK into the OK/KS/MO/AR border region. Only some slight
changes to the previous slight risk area to reflect this qpf axis
consensus.

...Southern Great Basin into the Central to Southern Rockies...
Not a lot of changes expected to the large scale flow from day 1
across the southern Great Basin into the Central Rockies. PW values
forecast to remain above average with additional shortwave energy
moving across the region in the west south west flow aloft. This
should support another day of widespread scattered convection and
localized heavy rain and isolated runoff issues. The marginal risk
was extended back across these areas to be more similar to the day
1 period given the similar overall conditions day 2.

...Mid MS Valley, OH Valley into New England...
Similar to the day 1 period, an axis of above average PW values
will stretch along the slow moving front stretching from the Mid MS
Valley, OH Valley into New England. There is good model consensus
on a broad region of moderate to locally heavy precip amounts along
this front. Only some minor changes to reflect the latest model
qpf axis consensus made to the previous broad marginal risk area
across these regions.

Oravec


Day 2 threat area: www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/98epoints.txt

Excessive Rainfall Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
405 AM EDT Thu Jun 5 2025
Day 3
Valid 12Z Sat Jun 07 2025 - 12Z Sun Jun 08 2025

...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS THE LOWER
ARKANSAS VALLEY, LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY INTO THE LOWER TENNESSEE
VALLEY...

The second round of height falls moving into the Central to
Southern Plains day 2 will continue to push east southeast toward
the Mid to Lower MS Valley, OH and TN Valleys. Upper difluence is
forecast to be well defined Saturday into Saturday night/early
Sunday in an axis of above average PW values that will remain along
the west to east oriented frontal boundary across these areas.
This should support potential for another round of organized
convection along this front. There is some spread with the qpf
axes, but consensus that heavy amounts are possible along this
front. The previous slight risk area was expanded eastward
considerably from eastern OK, across much of AR, western TN and
northern MS.

...Northern New England...
A sharpening northern stream trof will push surface low pressure
across northern New England on Sunday. There is fairly good model
consensus for moderate to locally heavy precip totals across
northern New England. Only some slight changes to the previous
marginal risk area, extending it into all of northern Maine to
cover the model qpf spread.

Oravec

Day 3 threat area: www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/99epoints.txt

Extended Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
259 AM EDT Thu Jun 5 2025


Showers and thunderstorms may continue to linger across the
Northeast while the front pulls further offshore Sunday. However
convection will continue along front that stretches through the
Lower Ohio/Tennessee Valleys, Lower Mississippi Valley, and into
the Southern Plains. Greater rainfall rates and accumulations are
likely to focus over portions of Oklahoma and Texas where there
will be pooled Gulf moisture and high instability to tap into and
recent heavy rains. The Storm Prediction Center continues to show
the potential for severe weather across the South/Central Plains
east into the Southeast. WPC maintained the broad Marginal Risk
from the Texas Panhandle to the Southeast Coast with an embedded
Slight along the Red River into the Ark-La-Tex. The front will
advance southward by Monday and the precipitation will be
widespread across the Gulf states, Lower Mississippi Valley, and
eastern parts of the Southern Plains. WPC raised a broad Marginal
Risk that stretches from eastern New Mexico to western Georgia.
Given the variances on the location of the highest QPF opted to
keep the threat potential as a level 1 although there are signal
for local 2 to 4 inches which may require a future upgrade to a
Slight should agreement improve.

Meanwhile, another frontal system will track across the
Midwest/Great Lakes for some modest rain there over the weekend,
reaching the Northeast by Monday and Tuesday. The current forecast
continues to show the leading front dissipating while this
secondary front becomes dominant. The second front settling south
will once again promote rain and thunderstorms across the southern
Plains and Southeast through the first half of next week as the
moisture and instability lingers.

Temperatures are expected to be near to slightly below seasonal
average for central and eastern portions of the country with the
troughing. For southern Texas daily readings will climb well into
the 100s with heat indices possibly above 110F. But the largest
temperature anomalies will be across the Northwest U.S. through the
weekend into early next week underneath mean upper ridging. This
region will observe readings 15 to 25 degrees warmer than average
for early June, with some interior locations hitting the 90s. Even
cities like Seattle look to reach the mid to upper 80s. Above
normal temperatures will stretch into the central Great Basin, and
the Desert Southwest can expect temperatures well into the 100s to
110 degrees. For safety information, see weather.gov/heat.


Campbell/Tate

Extended Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
259 AM EDT Thu Jun 5 2025


Showers and thunderstorms may continue to linger across the
Northeast while the front pulls further offshore Sunday. However
convection will continue along front that stretches through the
Lower Ohio/Tennessee Valleys, Lower Mississippi Valley, and into
the Southern Plains. Greater rainfall rates and accumulations are
likely to focus over portions of Oklahoma and Texas where there
will be pooled Gulf moisture and high instability to tap into and
recent heavy rains. The Storm Prediction Center continues to show
the potential for severe weather across the South/Central Plains
east into the Southeast. WPC maintained the broad Marginal Risk
from the Texas Panhandle to the Southeast Coast with an embedded
Slight along the Red River into the Ark-La-Tex. The front will
advance southward by Monday and the precipitation will be
widespread across the Gulf states, Lower Mississippi Valley, and
eastern parts of the Southern Plains. WPC raised a broad Marginal
Risk that stretches from eastern New Mexico to western Georgia.
Given the variances on the location of the highest QPF opted to
keep the threat potential as a level 1 although there are signal
for local 2 to 4 inches which may require a future upgrade to a
Slight should agreement improve.

Meanwhile, another frontal system will track across the
Midwest/Great Lakes for some modest rain there over the weekend,
reaching the Northeast by Monday and Tuesday. The current forecast
continues to show the leading front dissipating while this
secondary front becomes dominant. The second front settling south
will once again promote rain and thunderstorms across the southern
Plains and Southeast through the first half of next week as the
moisture and instability lingers.

Temperatures are expected to be near to slightly below seasonal
average for central and eastern portions of the country with the
troughing. For southern Texas daily readings will climb well into
the 100s with heat indices possibly above 110F. But the largest
temperature anomalies will be across the Northwest U.S. through the
weekend into early next week underneath mean upper ridging. This
region will observe readings 15 to 25 degrees warmer than average
for early June, with some interior locations hitting the 90s. Even
cities like Seattle look to reach the mid to upper 80s. Above
normal temperatures will stretch into the central Great Basin, and
the Desert Southwest can expect temperatures well into the 100s to
110 degrees. For safety information, see weather.gov/heat.


Campbell/Tate

Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
214 PM EDT Wed May 7 2025

Valid 00Z Thu May 08 2025 - 00Z Sun May 11 2025


...Colorado...
Day 1...

Lingering vorticity on the western side of the departing upper low
will still trigger some light snow over the San Juans this evening
before tapering off tonight/early Thursday. WPC probabilities for
at least an additional 4 inches of snow after 00Z are low (10-40%)
above 11,000ft.

For days 2-3, the probability of at least 4 inches of snow is less
than 10%.

The probability of significant freezing rain across the CONUS is
less than 10%.

Note - this is the last regularly scheduled discussion (QPFHSD)
for the 2024-2025 winter season. Unless a significant winter
weather threat emerges, this discussion will next be updated on or
about September 25, 2025.


Fracasso

Extended Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
259 AM EDT Thu Jun 5 2025

Valid 12Z Sun Jun 08 2025 - 12Z Thu Jun 12 2025


...Severe weather possible in the southern through the weekend,
with heavy rain possible there through much of next week...

...Heat wave for the Interior West with some heat in South
Texas...


...Overview...

Multiple rounds of thunderstorms that may be severe and/or cause
flash flooding in the southern tier in particular as expected to
accompany fronts pushing through the Plains eastward. Meanwhile,
rounds of ridging over the West (though interrupted by shortwaves)
will lead to much above normal temperatures.


...Guidance/Predictability Assessment...

The latest suite of guidance continued to show agreement of the
large scale features yet wavered on details. Consolidated energy
diving across south-central Canada will form an upper low by Sunday
that reaches the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes on Monday and deepens
the trough slightly across the east- central U.S. The timing and
strength of shortwave energy and associated surface fronts remain
uncertain.

Within general spread, the GFS continues to depict a relatively
deep surface low atop Ohio/Pennsylvania by early Sunday and higher
QPF than the rest of the cluster. Consensus persists for this
trough axis to start moving more quickly east by midweek.
The northern stream upper ridging to be atop the Northwest over
the weekend, expanding and moving east across the Intermountain
West gradually next week as a trough may reach the West Coast by
Tuesday or Wednesday. A southern stream low offshore California to
start the period on Saturday looks to shrink/weaken but perhaps
drift inland early next week, with more uncertainty.

The preferred WPC blend utilized 18Z GFS and 12Z ECMWF/CMC/UKMET
as a starting point and then included modest weighting of the EC
ensemble and GEFS mean beyond the weekend


...Weather/Hazards Highlights...

Showers and thunderstorms may continue to linger across the
Northeast while the front pulls further offshore Sunday. However
convection will continue along front that stretches through the
Lower Ohio/Tennessee Valleys, Lower Mississippi Valley, and into
the Southern Plains. Greater rainfall rates and accumulations are
likely to focus over portions of Oklahoma and Texas where there
will be pooled Gulf moisture and high instability to tap into and
recent heavy rains. The Storm Prediction Center continues to show
the potential for severe weather across the South/Central Plains
east into the Southeast. WPC maintained the broad Marginal Risk
from the Texas Panhandle to the Southeast Coast with an embedded
Slight along the Red River into the Ark-La-Tex. The front will
advance southward by Monday and the precipitation will be
widespread across the Gulf states, Lower Mississippi Valley, and
eastern parts of the Southern Plains. WPC raised a broad Marginal
Risk that stretches from eastern New Mexico to western Georgia.
Given the variances on the location of the highest QPF opted to
keep the threat potential as a level 1 although there are signal
for local 2 to 4 inches which may require a future upgrade to a
Slight should agreement improve.

Meanwhile, another frontal system will track across the
Midwest/Great Lakes for some modest rain there over the weekend,
reaching the Northeast by Monday and Tuesday. The current forecast
continues to show the leading front dissipating while this
secondary front becomes dominant. The second front settling south
will once again promote rain and thunderstorms across the southern
Plains and Southeast through the first half of next week as the
moisture and instability lingers.

Temperatures are expected to be near to slightly below seasonal
average for central and eastern portions of the country with the
troughing. For southern Texas daily readings will climb well into
the 100s with heat indices possibly above 110F. But the largest
temperature anomalies will be across the Northwest U.S. through the
weekend into early next week underneath mean upper ridging. This
region will observe readings 15 to 25 degrees warmer than average
for early June, with some interior locations hitting the 90s. Even
cities like Seattle look to reach the mid to upper 80s. Above
normal temperatures will stretch into the central Great Basin, and
the Desert Southwest can expect temperatures well into the 100s to
110 degrees. For safety information, see weather.gov/heat.


Campbell/Tate


Additional 3-7 Day Hazard information can be found on the WPC
medium range hazards outlook chart at:
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/threats/threats.php

WPC medium range 500mb heights, surface systems, weather grids,
quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF), excessive rainfall
outlook (ERO), winter weather outlook (WWO) probabilities, heat
indices, and Key Messages can be accessed from:

https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/medr/5dayfcst500_wbg.gif
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/medr/5dayfcst_wbg_conus.gif
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/5km_grids/5km_gridsbody.html
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/day4-7.shtml
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/#page=ero
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/wwd/pwpf_d47/pwpf_medr.php?day=4
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/heat_index.shtml
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/#page=ovw