Weather Prediction Center

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Short Range Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
359 PM EDT Sat May 28 2022

Valid 00Z Sun May 29 2022 - 00Z Tue May 31 2022

...There is a Slight Risk of excessive rainfall over parts of the
Northeast through Sunday morning...

...There is a Slight Risk of severe storms over parts of the Plains and
Upper Mississippi Valley Saturday evening through Monday morning...

...There is a threat of heavy snowfall for the highest elevations of the
Northern Rockies...

...There is a Critical Risk of fire weather over parts of the
Southwest/Southern Rockies and Southern High Plains...

A deep upper-level trough will develop over the northwestern portion of
the country from Saturday night through Sunday. The associated front will
produce showers and thunderstorms will develop along and ahead of the
boundary over the Plains and Upper Mississippi Valley Saturday evening
through Monday morning. Therefore, the SPC has issued a Slight Risk of
severe thunderstorms over parts of the Northern/Central Plains and a
second area over parts of the Southern High Plains through Sunday morning.
The hazards associated with these thunderstorms are frequent lightning,
severe thunderstorm wind gusts, hail, and a minimal threat of tornadoes.
However, there will be an increased threat of severe wind gusts over 65
knots over both regions.

The severe thunderstorm threat increases and moves to the Upper
Mississippi Valley and the Northern/Central Plains on Sunday. Therefore,
the SPC has issued an Enhanced Risk of severe thunderstorms over parts of
the Northern/Central Plains and Upper Mississippi Valley from Sunday into
Monday morning. The hazards associated with these thunderstorms are
frequent lightning, severe thunderstorm wind gusts, hail, and a few
tornadoes. In addition, there will be an increased threat of severe wind
gusts over 65 knots and two-inch diameter hail. Furthermore, there will be
a threat of excessive rainfall over the Upper Midwest. Therefore, the WPC
has issued a Marginal Risk of excessive rainfall over parts of the
Northern/Central Plains and Upper Mississippi Valley from Sunday through
Monday morning. The associated heavy rain will create localized areas of
flash flooding, affecting areas that experience rapid runoff with heavy
rain.

The front will move eastward slightly on Monday, as does the threat of
severe thunderstorms. Therefore, on Monday, the SPC has issued an Enhanced
Risk of severe thunderstorms over parts of the Northern/Central Plains and
Upper/Middle Mississippi Valley. The hazards associated with these
thunderstorms are frequent lightning, severe thunderstorm wind gusts,
hail, and a few tornadoes. Moreover, there will be an increased threat of
excessive rainfall as more moisture surges into the region. Therefore, the
WPC has issued a Slight Risk of excessive rainfall over parts of the
Northern Plains and Upper Mississippi Valley on Monday. The associated
heavy rain will create mainly localized areas of flash flooding, with
urban areas, roads, and small streams the most vulnerable.

Meanwhile, overnight Saturday, a front over the Northeast Coast moves
offshore by Sunday morning. As a result, there will be showers and
thunderstorms over parts of the Northeast associated with the front,
ending by late Saturday night. Some of the thunderstorms will produce
heavy rain. Therefore, the WPC has issued a Slight Risk of excessive
rainfall over parts of the Northeast. The associated heavy rain will
create mainly localized areas of flash flooding, with urban areas, roads,
and small streams the most vulnerable. Further, onshore flow off the
Atlantic will aid in producing showers and thunderstorms over parts of
Florida through Monday.

Moreover, as the upper-level trough builds over the Northwest, rain will
develop over parts of the Pacific Northwest and Northern California and
extend eastward to the Northern Rockies. As a result, there will be light
wet snow over some of the highest elevations of Cascades to the Northern
Rockies from Saturday evening into Sunday. As the upper-level trough
deepens, the snow levels will lower. Therefore, heavy wet snow will
develop over the higher elevations of the Northern Intermountain Region
and the Northern Rockies from Sunday evening into Monday.

Finally, there is a Critical Risk of fire weather over the
Southwest/Southern Rockies and Southern High Plains from Saturday evening
into Monday morning. The threat is due to strong gusty winds, dry fuels,
and low humidity.

Ziegenfelder

Graphics are available at
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/basicwx/basicwx_ndfd.php

Extended Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
353 PM EDT Sat May 28 2022

Valid 12Z Tue May 31 2022 - 12Z Sat Jun 04 2022

...Multiple rounds of heavy rainfall/convection focus across
south-central Plains near a stationary front next week...

...Overview...

The medium range period will likely begin with an amplified trough
and a low pressure system exiting the northern Plains into
south-central Canada next Tuesday. The associated trailing cold
front will gradually push east and southeast across the northern
tier states and further into the Plains against a warm ridge over
the eastern U.S. forecast to be gradually eroded by the front
through the end of next week. Mountain snows initially over the
northern Rockies and gusty winds/convection over the northern
Plains will give way to rounds of thunderstorms over
central/southern Plains where the front is forecast to become
nearly stationary. Meanwhile, thunderstorms should progress
through the mid-Mississippi and Ohio Valleys, the Great Lakes, and
then into the Northeast as the week progresses. Farther south,
tropical moisture can be expected to increase across southern
Florida through the medium-range period as a subtropical jet is
forecast to interact with moisture coming up from tropical cyclone
Agatha currently located in the eastern Pacific.


...Model Guidance Evaluation/Preferences...

The abrupt model trend in the past couple days toward a more
amplified upper trough over the northern Plains for early next
week has stabilized, although the most recent model runs still
tend toward a more closed off system, with the associated lead
front pushing faster toward the east across the upper Midwest.
The GFS and GEFS show their typically faster solutions with
subsequent eastward progression of the front across the Northeast
by next Thursday. By late next week, deterministic model
solutions begin to diverge regarding the timing and amplitude of a
frontal wave near New England coast. Meanwhile, models indicate
reasonably agreeable timing of the arrival of the next wave of
Pacific moisture into the Northwest later next week despite quite
a bit of model spread with the latitude of the associated offshore
upper low. Over Florida, models are now more consistent with
bringing tropical moisture northeastward from the eastern Pacific
where tropical cyclone Agatha is currently located. The GFS again
favors faster solutions with this tropical moisture feed whereas
the ECMWF and CMC indicate a slower and more consolidated cyclonic
gyre moving across Central America.

Thus the WPC medium range forecast was based on a multi-model and
ensemble blend of 40% from the 06Z GFS/GEFS, 40% from the 00Z
ECMWF/EC mean, and 20% from the 00Z CMC/CMC mean, transitioning to
mostly the ensemble means by Day 7.


...Sensible Weather/Threat Highlights...

The surface low pressure system lifting into central Canada
beginning Tuesday will send a cold front across the north-central
U.S. and across the northeastern quadrant through the latter part
of the workweek. Rain is possible first across North Dakota and
the Upper Midwest to Great Lakes along this front Tuesday and then
shifting eastward across the Ohio Valley and into the
Northeast/Mid-Atlantic by Thursday, after some initial showers in
parts of the Northeast Tuesday-Wednesday near a backdoor front.
However, the back end of the main front is forecast to move more
slowly through central and southern parts of the Plains and
Mississippi Valley, and will provide a focus for rain and
thunderstorms for multiple days around Tuesday-Thursday. Flash
flooding is possible especially where storms repeat over the same
area, which at this point appears most likely to occur around
Kansas, Oklahoma, and Missouri, but with uncertainty in the
details beyond that.

Elsewhere, there is increasing forecast agreement for tropical
cyclone Agatha over the eastern Pacific to turn northeastward and
move across Central America over the next few days. Scattered
showers and thunderstorms are expected to become more frequent and
widespread across southern Florida later next week although the
specifics are not clear at this time. Factors that influence the
timing and amounts of rainfall will include (a) the interaction of
a subtropical jet with tropical moisture coming from Agatha, and
the cyclone's subsequent track and intensity after crossing
Central America, (b) the proximity of an upper low forecast to
gradually gain tropical characteristics near and northeast of the
Bahamas midweek, and (c) possible interaction with a tropical wave
moving into the western Caribbean Sea.

The eastern U.S./Mississippi Valley upper ridge will promote above
average temperatures by 10-20F over the Midwest/Ohio Valley and
parts of the Northeast/Mid-Atlantic Tuesday-Wednesday, with some
daily record high maximum and minimum temperatures possible. The
backdoor front reaching New England and possibly as far south as
the northern Mid-Atlantic would bring a cooler trend to these
areas though. Meanwhile upper troughing will bring very cool
temperatures to areas from the Intermountain West through
northern/central Plains through midweek with highs forecast to be
10-20F or below normal. The flattening pattern aloft will push the
initial Plains cold front eastward while leading to a moderating
trend for below normal temperatures over the central U.S., with
mostly single-digit negative anomalies by Thursday-Friday, though
around 10F below normal in rain-cooled Kansas and Oklahoma. The
East should see shrinking coverage of warm temperatures on
Thursday and especially Friday-Saturday. The West Coast and into
the Great Basin could flip back to warmer than normal temperatures
by around 5-15F Wednesday and beyond, followed by a modest cooling
trend on Friday-Saturday along the immediate West Coast with the
arrival of a Pacific front.


Kong/Tate


Additional 3-7 Day Hazard information can be found on the WPC
medium range hazards outlook chart at:
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/threats/threats.php


WPC medium range 500mb heights, surface systems, weather grids,
quantitative precipitation, experimental excessive rainfall
outlook, winter weather outlook probabilities and heat indices are
at:

https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/medr/5dayfcst500_wbg.gif
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/medr/5dayfcst_wbg_conus.gif
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/5km_grids/5km_gridsbody.html
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/day4-7.shtml
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/#page=ero
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/wwd/pwpf_d47/pwpf_medr.php?day=4
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/heat_index.shtml

Hawaii Extended Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
349 AM EDT Sat May 28 2022

Valid 00Z Sun May 29 2022 - 00Z Sun Jun 05 2022

Relatively dry and quiet weather is likely over Hawaii for the
next week or so, as an upper-level high to the east of the state
through this weekend gradually drifts westward atop Hawaii next
week. At the surface, high pressure is in place to the northeast
of the state, leading to moderate easterly trade winds through the
day Saturday. This high is forecast to drift farther northeast
away from Hawaii this weekend into early next week while the
associated surface ridge shifts into the islands, weakening the
trades. This will allow for afternoon sea breezes and nighttime
land breezes to set up, along with some potential for showers even
over interior and leeward areas. These are expected to be only
scattered and light given normal to below normal moisture levels
for the most part. Kauai to Oahu may see a period of slightly
above normal moisture levels around Sunday coincident with a
possible weak upper trough, though this is looking less likely and
may mostly cause cloudiness across the state rather than showers.
As surface high pressure redevelops north of the islands next
week, more moderate trade winds should redevelop, making windward
and mountain areas more of a focus for limited showers that occur
in the dry pattern.

Tate

Excessive Rainfall Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
1043 AM EDT Sat May 28 2022

Day 1
Valid 16Z Sat May 28 2022 - 12Z Sun May 29 2022

...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PARTS OF
EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA AND AROUND THE TRI-STATE AREA OF NEW JERSEY
AND NEW YORK...


...Northeast...
15Z Update...

A targeted slight risk has been added to far eastern PA, northern
NJ, and southern Upstate NY after coordination with the affected
WFOs. Rapidly developing thunderstorms ahead of a trough of low
pressure will continue to expand into the aftn as MLCape rises to
1000 J/kg and PWs remain around 1.2", above the 75th percentile
for the date. Mid-level divergence downstream of an upper low
combined with the RRQ of a departing upper jet streak will drive
deep layer ascent into these favorable thermodynamics, and the
available 12Z high-res guidance suggests convection will become
scattered to widespread from PA into New England. Most of this
area has been dry recently, but MRMS observations indicate 1-2.5"
of rain has fallen across parts of eastern PA, NJ, and the Hudson
Valley of NY in the past 24 hours leading to saturated soils and
compromised FFG as low as 1"/3hrs. With weak mid-level winds
driving slow storm motions, this FFG could be exceeded in a few
areas as noted by the 06Z HREF 3-hr FFG exceedance probabilities.
While the coverage of flash flooding instances will likely be
limited, the slow storm motions and favorable antecedent
hydrologic conditions support an upgrade to a SLGT risk for this
targeted area.

Otherwise, the inherited MRGL risk was expanded only slightly to
the north to account for coverage of thunderstorms this aftn/eve
with 1-2"/hr rain rates. Rainfall outside of the SLGT risk area
has been much less, so soils should mostly be able to absorb these
rain rates. Additionally, storm motions will likely be faster as
the upper trough and associated deep layer ascent begin to weaken
and merge into the westerlies. This is likely to limit the
duration of any heavy rainfall across New England, leading to only
an isolated flash flood risk, so the MRGL risk was maintained.


...South Florida...
A washed out frontal boundary draped across the Peninsula
interacting with daytime heating sea breeze convection should
allow for the development of a few clusters of strong
thunderstorms this afternoon. These cells will be capable of
producing intense rain rates over the highly urbanized south
Florida corridor. HREF probabilities indicate that some 2" an hour
rains are probable, with daily totals locally exceeding 3" in
spots. If these higher totals end up over an urban location then
some flash flood issues could arise. Thus we will maintain the
Marginal risk.


...Northern Plains...
A mid level impulse out ahead of the large scale troughing over
the western U.S. will lead to convective development over the High
Plains this afternoon. There is still a signal in most guidance
for an axis of 1-2" of rain from eastern MT into western ND in the
afternoon/evening hours. The lack of deeper instability and drier
soils/streamflows should keep any flash flood risk fairly isolated
at best. However there is some signal for amounts locally as high
as 3" near the comma head of the developing low where increased
convergence should support a longer rainfall duration. If amounts
of 3" were to occur then some runoff issues seem possible, thus we
will maintain the Marginal risk over the region.


Chenard/Weiss

Day 1 threat area: www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/94epoints.txt

Excessive Rainfall Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
335 PM EDT Sat May 28 2022

Day 2
Valid 12Z Sun May 29 2022 - 12Z Mon May 30 2022

...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PORTIONS
OF THE CENTRAL/NORTHERN PLAINS INTO THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

An amplifying mid-level closed low will drop into the
Intermountain West Sunday, leaving divergent downstream flow
across the Plains with embedded shortwaves lifting northeast
around the periphery of this trough. As this low deepens, it will
also drive a strengthening jet streak into the Plains, with
attended LFQ diffluence aiding to enhance deep layer ascent. To
the east of the closed low, a cold front will be driven slowly
eastward via height falls, moving from the Northern High Plains
into the Upper Mississippi Valley through the day and into the
night. 850mb flow gradually backing to the S and increasing to
20-40 kts ahead of this front will drive impressive moist
advection noted by PWs progged to reach +2 sigma coincident with
MUCape climbing towards 2000 J/kg. The overlap of the strong lift
and favorable thermodynamics will allow for scattered to
widespread thunderstorms to develop on Sunday.

While there remains some uncertainty into the coverage of
convection, there is likely to be at least a few rounds of storms
moving SW to NE ahead of, and along, the cold front as multiple
impulses embedded within the flow surge northward. The mean 0-6km
mean wind is forecast to be quick at 30-40 kts from the SW, but
unidirectional flow and propagation vectors aligned to the front
suggest an enhanced training potential. With rain rates likely
exceeding 1"/hr within the stronger convection, some places could
receive as much as 3" of rainfall. While antecedent conditions are
somewhat inhibiting to flash flooding due to drier than normal
soils from a lack of recent rainfall, the inherited MRGL risk will
remain with only cosmetic changes to account for recent guidance,
since any repeating storms could produce a few instances of flash
flooding.


Weiss

Day 2 threat area: www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/98epoints.txt

Excessive Rainfall Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
336 PM EDT Sat May 28 2022

Day 3
Valid 12Z Mon May 30 2022 - 12Z Tue May 31 2022

...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER PORTIONS OF
THE NORTHERN PLAINS AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

A deep mid-level trough centered over the Intermountain West will
shed a closed low northeastward on Monday, with this feature
shearing out into an open wave across the Northern Plains by the
end of D3. At the same time, a secondary shortwave will intensify
as it digs across the Pacific Northwest, while downstream across
the eastern CONUS a large mid-level ridge amplifies. Together,
these will keep the primary trough axis anchored across the High
Plains during Memorial Day.

The evolution of this trough will allow an upper jet streak to
round the base and intensify towards 110 kts Monday, placing
favorable LFQ diffluence for ascent into ND/MN. At the same time,
a surface low beneath the upper trough will swing a cold front
eastward through the day. Ahead of this front, impressive
thermodynamic advection will occur on 850mb flow reaching as high
as 50kts from the south, driving PWs to 1.5" and MUCape of nearly
2000 J/kg. The associated theta-e ridging within this warm sector
will likely pivot north/northwest into a strengthening deformation
axis north of the surface low, driving locally enhanced ascent,
and there is likely to be widespread showers and thunderstorms
across the Northern Plains and Upper Mississippi Valley on Monday.

The guidance continues to feature some longitudinal spread in the
placement of heaviest rain due to uncertainty in the speed and
placement of the low and associated forcing. However, this spread
has decreased, and both the GEFS and ECENS ensemble means indicate
a threat for more than 3" of rainfall near the ND/MN border and
arcing into eastern SD. This area seems favorable as storm motions
may be a bit slower along the deformation axis, producing the
greatest threat for training. The inherited SLGT risk still looks
good for the area of heaviest rainfall, with the threat for flash
flooding also aided by antecedent rainfall expected on D2. Only
minor adjustments were needed to account for latest guidance.

A secondary area of enhanced rainfall may develop late Monday
night from eastern KS into western IA as the LLJ ramps up and
impinges into the eastward moving cold front, and this is
reflected by an increase in GEFS/ECENS probabilities. At this time
there is too much uncertainty in amounts and placement for a
targeted SLGT risk addition, but it is possible one will be needed
for this area with later updates.

Weiss

Day 3 threat area: www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/99epoints.txt

Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
309 PM EDT Tue May 10 2022

Valid 00Z Wed May 11 2022 - 00Z Sat May 14 2022

***Regularly scheduled Heavy Snow/Ice Discussions have ended for
the 2021-2022 season from WPC***

--This discussion may be updated over the summer months should the
forecast warrant--

~~Discussions will resume on or around October 1, 2022~~

Extended Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
353 PM EDT Sat May 28 2022

Valid 12Z Tue May 31 2022 - 12Z Sat Jun 04 2022

...Multiple rounds of heavy rainfall/convection focus across
south-central Plains near a stationary front next week...

...Overview...

The medium range period will likely begin with an amplified trough
and a low pressure system exiting the northern Plains into
south-central Canada next Tuesday. The associated trailing cold
front will gradually push east and southeast across the northern
tier states and further into the Plains against a warm ridge over
the eastern U.S. forecast to be gradually eroded by the front
through the end of next week. Mountain snows initially over the
northern Rockies and gusty winds/convection over the northern
Plains will give way to rounds of thunderstorms over
central/southern Plains where the front is forecast to become
nearly stationary. Meanwhile, thunderstorms should progress
through the mid-Mississippi and Ohio Valleys, the Great Lakes, and
then into the Northeast as the week progresses. Farther south,
tropical moisture can be expected to increase across southern
Florida through the medium-range period as a subtropical jet is
forecast to interact with moisture coming up from tropical cyclone
Agatha currently located in the eastern Pacific.


...Model Guidance Evaluation/Preferences...

The abrupt model trend in the past couple days toward a more
amplified upper trough over the northern Plains for early next
week has stabilized, although the most recent model runs still
tend toward a more closed off system, with the associated lead
front pushing faster toward the east across the upper Midwest.
The GFS and GEFS show their typically faster solutions with
subsequent eastward progression of the front across the Northeast
by next Thursday. By late next week, deterministic model
solutions begin to diverge regarding the timing and amplitude of a
frontal wave near New England coast. Meanwhile, models indicate
reasonably agreeable timing of the arrival of the next wave of
Pacific moisture into the Northwest later next week despite quite
a bit of model spread with the latitude of the associated offshore
upper low. Over Florida, models are now more consistent with
bringing tropical moisture northeastward from the eastern Pacific
where tropical cyclone Agatha is currently located. The GFS again
favors faster solutions with this tropical moisture feed whereas
the ECMWF and CMC indicate a slower and more consolidated cyclonic
gyre moving across Central America.

Thus the WPC medium range forecast was based on a multi-model and
ensemble blend of 40% from the 06Z GFS/GEFS, 40% from the 00Z
ECMWF/EC mean, and 20% from the 00Z CMC/CMC mean, transitioning to
mostly the ensemble means by Day 7.


...Sensible Weather/Threat Highlights...

The surface low pressure system lifting into central Canada
beginning Tuesday will send a cold front across the north-central
U.S. and across the northeastern quadrant through the latter part
of the workweek. Rain is possible first across North Dakota and
the Upper Midwest to Great Lakes along this front Tuesday and then
shifting eastward across the Ohio Valley and into the
Northeast/Mid-Atlantic by Thursday, after some initial showers in
parts of the Northeast Tuesday-Wednesday near a backdoor front.
However, the back end of the main front is forecast to move more
slowly through central and southern parts of the Plains and
Mississippi Valley, and will provide a focus for rain and
thunderstorms for multiple days around Tuesday-Thursday. Flash
flooding is possible especially where storms repeat over the same
area, which at this point appears most likely to occur around
Kansas, Oklahoma, and Missouri, but with uncertainty in the
details beyond that.

Elsewhere, there is increasing forecast agreement for tropical
cyclone Agatha over the eastern Pacific to turn northeastward and
move across Central America over the next few days. Scattered
showers and thunderstorms are expected to become more frequent and
widespread across southern Florida later next week although the
specifics are not clear at this time. Factors that influence the
timing and amounts of rainfall will include (a) the interaction of
a subtropical jet with tropical moisture coming from Agatha, and
the cyclone's subsequent track and intensity after crossing
Central America, (b) the proximity of an upper low forecast to
gradually gain tropical characteristics near and northeast of the
Bahamas midweek, and (c) possible interaction with a tropical wave
moving into the western Caribbean Sea.

The eastern U.S./Mississippi Valley upper ridge will promote above
average temperatures by 10-20F over the Midwest/Ohio Valley and
parts of the Northeast/Mid-Atlantic Tuesday-Wednesday, with some
daily record high maximum and minimum temperatures possible. The
backdoor front reaching New England and possibly as far south as
the northern Mid-Atlantic would bring a cooler trend to these
areas though. Meanwhile upper troughing will bring very cool
temperatures to areas from the Intermountain West through
northern/central Plains through midweek with highs forecast to be
10-20F or below normal. The flattening pattern aloft will push the
initial Plains cold front eastward while leading to a moderating
trend for below normal temperatures over the central U.S., with
mostly single-digit negative anomalies by Thursday-Friday, though
around 10F below normal in rain-cooled Kansas and Oklahoma. The
East should see shrinking coverage of warm temperatures on
Thursday and especially Friday-Saturday. The West Coast and into
the Great Basin could flip back to warmer than normal temperatures
by around 5-15F Wednesday and beyond, followed by a modest cooling
trend on Friday-Saturday along the immediate West Coast with the
arrival of a Pacific front.


Kong/Tate


Additional 3-7 Day Hazard information can be found on the WPC
medium range hazards outlook chart at:
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/threats/threats.php


WPC medium range 500mb heights, surface systems, weather grids,
quantitative precipitation, experimental excessive rainfall
outlook, winter weather outlook probabilities and heat indices are
at:

https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/medr/5dayfcst500_wbg.gif
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/medr/5dayfcst_wbg_conus.gif
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/5km_grids/5km_gridsbody.html
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/day4-7.shtml
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/#page=ero
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/wwd/pwpf_d47/pwpf_medr.php?day=4
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/heat_index.shtml